Jan. 30, 2025
The Origin of Weird: Cadaver Synod
Prepare yourself for one of the most surreal and outrageous moments in church history with our latest episode on the Cadaver Synod. Ever wondered how far someone would go for power? Join Kate and Bradley as we promise to unravel the spectacle where the corpse of Pope Formosus was exhumed and put on trial, showcasing the chaotic and comedic lengths of ecclesiastical politics in 9th and 10th century Italy. With the backdrop of a rapidly changing papal lineup and power-hungry Roman factions, we explore how Pope Nicholas I's reforms set the stage for this bizarre event. Follow Formosus's journey from bishop of Porto, Santa Rufina, to a posthumous defendant in a courtroom unlike any other.
Brace yourself for a tale featuring political intrigue, shifting alliances, and the peculiar twist of a deacon speaking for a dead pope. As we navigate the tangled relationships between the papacy, the Spoleto dynasty, Lambert, and Arnulf of Carinthia, we shed light on the motivations behind the Cadaver Synod. Stephen VI's macabre trial backfired spectacularly, sparking public outrage and leading to his demise. Hear how successive popes worked to restore Formosus's reputation and reflect on the absurdity of medieval power struggles with a blend of humor and awe. Tune in for a captivating exploration of this jaw-dropping chapter in church history.
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Chapters
00:16 - The Origin of Cadaver Synod
14:21 - The Cadaver Synod
23:43 - The Bizarre Cadaver Synod Trials
Transcript
WEBVTT
00:00:16.190 --> 00:00:19.652
oh, hey, there oh hey, there how are you?
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I am well.
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How are you'm?
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good.
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What are we doing today?
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on the Origin of.
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Weird.
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Okay, this one's really weird.
00:00:27.358 --> 00:00:32.064
Okay, I hope so.
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I'm Kate by the way, hello, kate, I am Bradley.
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We are the History Buffoons Welcome.
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And this is the Origin of Weird.
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This is like our I don't know 27th go-around on episodes 28th, something like that, and we're still we're still fucking it up, but that's okay fucking it up since 2024.
00:00:53.402 --> 00:00:57.905
What up, what up yeah, I mean, we've literally been fucking it up for only what?
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Four months since the release of our first episode.
00:01:02.335 --> 00:01:07.608
That's alright, though okay, so this one is about cadaver synod.
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Cadaver synod.
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Yes, okay, I know what cadavers are.
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What's synod?
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You will find out.
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I cannot wait.
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That was part of my research.
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That's a phrase you don't say too, often Wow so this event actually happened to a pope.
00:01:31.323 --> 00:01:32.926
Oh, pope Formos formosis, does he shit in the woods?
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He is italian, well then, probably does so what's his name again?
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Sorry, formosis, pope formosis, that was his pope name.
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Yep, that's a unique one, because usually you get john and, well, all the other ones john, john john and john the second and john the third and john the johns lots of johns anyways.
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Um, okay, so moses the event that we're going to talk about, um, occurred during a big political upheaval in Italy.
00:02:05.275 --> 00:02:05.594
Okay.
00:02:05.594 --> 00:02:20.973
And this was around mid-9th and the mid-10th century, so like for a hundred years, what, what, what, what you said the mid-9th century and the mid-10th century.
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Yes, I'm sorry.
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For a hundred years I was like what are you talking about?
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Yes, wow.
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Well done.
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Yes, I'm sorry.
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For a hundred years I was like what are you talking about?
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Yes, wow.
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Well done on that one, jesus.
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Wow, sorry, I'm trying to recover from that.
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Oh, my word.
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Okay, go go ahead, keep drinking.
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I can't Go get a Modelo.
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What are we doing?
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Oh Jesus, go get a Modelo.
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What are we doing?
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Oh Jesus, go get a Modelo, hold it please, hold it please, and we're back.
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Hello, modelo, modelo.
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Okay, between the 9th century and the 10th century, things were changing.
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So for 100 years.
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Uh-huh, especially with popes.
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What was changing Specifically?
00:03:04.039 --> 00:03:12.969
Like their hat or design of that and the cape between 872 and 965.
00:03:12.969 --> 00:03:18.439
Okay, there were two dozen different popes that's a lot of fucking.
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Do you know how many two dozen is?
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and between 896 and 904.
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So eight years.
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They had a revolving door of popes, almost one every year.
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Seriously, yes, what the fuck.
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There was a lot of confusion going on Pope-ademic.
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Wow, wow, I will, I will.
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I am not.
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I am not disappointed in your response to me, saying that that was exactly what I was going for so a lot of powerful roman groups were actually constantly fighting for control, and that's what caused all this chaos.
00:04:04.247 --> 00:04:06.931
Okay, so roman groups were actually constantly fighting for control and that's what caused all this chaos.
00:04:06.931 --> 00:04:17.869
Okay, so roman groups were like um influential families and and nobles and even military commanders were like trying to gain control over italy um, unfortunately there wasn't a lot of records at the time, what?
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so it's kind of hard to get like a full picture of what's actually happening, but I'm gonna give you the the breadcrumbs to put it all together.
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Oh sweet, I look forward to the breadcrumbs.
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So Formosus' church career took off in 864.
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864, okay, he became bishop of Porto, santa Rufina.
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Oh yeah, it's a diocese in Rome.
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Sure is.
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Okay, so do you know it.
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No.
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Have you Okay, sure is.
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Okay, so do you know it?
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No, have you Okay.
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Gotcha.
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During Pope Nicholas's the first time.
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So was he also.
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It was a pope.
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Oh, okay, the way you worded it.
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I'm like, did he have a second time too?
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No, he's, never mind.
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He's Pope Nicholas the first Time.
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That's what threw me off.
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Sorry, my bad.
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Oh, this is.
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This is a very giggly origin, weird and we're not even drunk, okay, no you would think we were, but we're not, we're not okay, um sorry.
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So pope nicholas the first was a really strong leader who wanted to make the Pope even more powerful.
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Well, why wouldn't he?
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Because he's going to rule all of the world.
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So he basically said the Pope was the boss of all other bishops and he tried to limit the power of the kings in church matters.
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Which didn't?
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They pretty much, he pretty much.
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Well, I don't know if he did, but that was pretty much a thing because, like the Pope, he said a lot of shit and if you didn't like it he didn't fucking care.
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Yeah, yeah.
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He was, yeah, he was law.
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I mean, that's again like the whole King Henry thing.
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I always go back to him.
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He had to literally leave the church because the Pope's like fuck you man.
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Yeah, because the Pope's like fuck you man.
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Yeah, so Pope Nicholas, I also wanted to clean up the church and he was against things like selling church jobs.
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Okay.
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Like bringing in the public to do church jobs.
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Oh, so he wanted their own employees, kind of thing.
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Yeah, and then he was also against priests getting married.
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Why?
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Because he wanted them.
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Never mind, I won't even go there.
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So Nicholas was also a diplomat.
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He dealt with powerful rulers like the emperor of the Byzantine Empire Well done and the king of the Franks.
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The Franks, the Franks.
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I'll be honest, I did not expect you to get byzantine.
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I did not expect to get that on the first go if you listen to our last episode, not maybe, maybe not our last episode, but an earlier episode on um, the haymarket affair I said marzell, he say, like I was french yeah, and she.
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There's a couple other words.
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She also said that were not coherent at all.
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We're not going to talk about that.
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Okay, nicholas also had big problems.
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Yeah, because he had more money.
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He had a problem with the Sorry.
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Your laugh was just great, my bad.
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He had a problem with the leader of the Eastern Church in Constantinople.
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Oh yeah, do you know who in Constantinople?
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Yeah, do you know who?
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Constantinople is now Istanbul.
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Did you know who that's named after?
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constantine yeah, girl, yeah, well done so they disagreed about who was actually in charge the eastern church in constantinople or the pope so wait, what was the eastern church?
00:07:43.142 --> 00:07:45.997
it was in constantinople I get where it was.
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I asked what it was they were fighting over power.
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Essentially, it's a different.
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it's not roman catholic or catholic or or whatever, it's just a different church.
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It's the Eastern versus Western churches.
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Was this not part of your research?
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It?
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was not part of it.
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So Formosus was actually a really capable and respected guy, and so they put him in charge of the Porto Santa Rufina diocese right.
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Okay.
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Two years later, in 866.
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A year, I remember well he was sent to bulgaria as a special representative of the pope.
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He was he was pretty good at the job and he was a great diplomat, strong religious leader, and boris the first which was the ruler of bulgaria, okay was so impressed with formosis that he actually asked the pope to make Formosus the Archbishop of Bulgaria.
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Well, shit yeah.
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Quite the impression he made.
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They're going through the ranks too.
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Like hey, the Pope still has power, you know.
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Right, right, it's a huge deal and Formosus was highly regarded.
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Okay.
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But Pope Nicholas said no, what a dick.
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No, the Pope appointed.
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And said no, what a dick.
00:09:03.054 --> 00:09:03.556
No, the pope appointed.
00:09:03.556 --> 00:09:03.917
Um nope the pope.
00:09:03.917 --> 00:09:10.333
The pope pointed to an old church rule called the 15th canon of the second council of nicaea council of nicaea.
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Yes, it basically said a bishop couldn't run more than one church.
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Oh, and he was already in charge of the porto santa rufina diocese.
00:09:18.836 --> 00:09:20.100
Okay, yep yep.
00:09:20.100 --> 00:09:24.594
So the idea was to keep things fair and even and spread the power around and not keep.
00:09:24.714 --> 00:09:31.332
Let one bishop get too powerful yeah, because he didn't want the, the pope, didn't want this bishop to rise up against him.
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Basically, exactly so.
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He stuck to the rules and he kept the church quote unquote balanced, balanced.
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Now now, oh remember, I do revolving door popes okay yep, the popademic, that's amazing, amazing.
00:09:54.178 --> 00:09:59.563
Sorry didn't mean to derail that, I guess okay.
00:09:59.583 --> 00:10:06.554
Okay, the pope ademic go so during pope john, the eighth time, and it's okay.
00:10:06.554 --> 00:10:12.205
So it's written down as john pope v, I, I, I, and in parentheses I put eight.
00:10:12.205 --> 00:10:13.633
Did you have to?
00:10:13.633 --> 00:10:20.654
Really no, I know what it is, but to make it flow a little better, I put eight next to it and this is flowing fantastically.
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All right, pope.
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John Paul VIII.
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He was in charge in 872 to 882.
00:10:29.903 --> 00:10:34.860
Okay, so during his time Formosus was in trouble.
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Why?
00:10:35.601 --> 00:10:41.923
Because the Pope accused Formosus of conspiring to usurp the papacy.
00:10:42.450 --> 00:10:43.495
See, like I said, Mm-hmm.
00:10:44.509 --> 00:10:54.205
So essentially he believed Formosus was plotting to take his place as Pope and he accused Formosus of influencing the Bulgarians against other bishops.
00:10:54.509 --> 00:10:56.756
So basically, this pope was just fucking paranoid.
00:10:56.797 --> 00:11:08.518
Yeah, he was he was, and it was suggested that Formosus had gained significant influence in Bulgaria and was potentially undermining the authority of the pope and the church, and he was excommunicated.
00:11:08.889 --> 00:11:15.179
Yeah, just because this pope wanted to live the life he was living, because I'm sure he was taken very well, very well taken care of, I should say.
00:11:15.179 --> 00:11:20.344
And he was living because I'm sure he was taken very well, very well taken care of, I should say and he was there for 10 years yeah, so he's like I don't want to give this up, man.
00:11:20.344 --> 00:11:21.293
Yeah, fuck you.
00:11:21.312 --> 00:11:33.398
Formosa excommunicated so there are different stories about what happened next, right, some say formosis went to a council in troyes, which is a town in France.
00:11:33.618 --> 00:11:35.519
Okay, very far away from Rome.
00:11:35.519 --> 00:11:36.860
How is that spelled?
00:11:36.860 --> 00:11:37.721
T-r-o-y-e-s?
00:11:37.902 --> 00:11:39.864
T-R-O-Y-E-S.
00:11:40.043 --> 00:11:40.845
Oh, it is Y Okay.
00:11:41.346 --> 00:11:44.970
Yes, I mean, I could say Troyes, but I thought Troyes sounded better.
00:11:44.990 --> 00:11:45.250
I don't know.
00:11:45.250 --> 00:11:46.509
I was just curious, to be honest.
00:11:47.471 --> 00:11:52.143
So he supposedly promised to never be a priest again.
00:11:52.143 --> 00:11:57.873
Okay, to never be a priest again, okay.
00:11:57.873 --> 00:11:59.015
But we're not sure if that was actually true.
00:11:59.015 --> 00:12:03.227
We don't know right after pope john paul the eighth died, in 1882, so he could have ruled more, but he just died.
00:12:03.227 --> 00:12:03.830
What year?
00:12:03.830 --> 00:12:06.474
882?
00:12:06.474 --> 00:12:08.096
Did I say 18?
00:12:08.096 --> 00:12:08.316
Yes?
00:12:08.375 --> 00:12:10.980
like how do we fast forward a thousand years?
00:12:11.279 --> 00:12:24.932
god damn it he died in 882 okay, and formosus was able to return then to his job as bishop, and because basically just that pope was just fucking freaking out like man, this guy's coming for my job.
00:12:24.932 --> 00:12:31.969
Yeah, he's like wow what a dick, yeah so um in 891, something interesting happened.
00:12:31.969 --> 00:12:32.890
What was that?
00:12:32.890 --> 00:12:38.182
Formosus was elected pope you don't say I did.
00:12:38.182 --> 00:12:39.993
Actually, at the very beginning were you not there.
00:12:39.993 --> 00:12:40.855
I was there, I know.
00:12:40.855 --> 00:12:45.754
Okay, so huge turnaround considering he'd just been exiled.
00:12:45.754 --> 00:12:47.198
Well, yeah, no kidding.
00:12:47.539 --> 00:13:01.219
So his election really does show like he was respected in the church well, people liked him clearly, because for one douche pope to excommunicate or exile and whatever and then he comes back within a what?
00:13:01.219 --> 00:13:02.000
Two years?
00:13:02.101 --> 00:13:08.923
yeah um, so his problems didn't just disappear because he came back and he's pope now, right?
00:13:08.923 --> 00:13:17.484
Um, there were still accusations from the past pope john the eighth and his excommunication, and it kind of came back to haunt him, I'm sure.
00:13:17.484 --> 00:13:19.274
Yeah, that shit don't disappear.
00:13:19.274 --> 00:13:20.378
That's why it's called history.
00:13:20.378 --> 00:13:21.260
It's always around.
00:13:22.870 --> 00:13:26.000
As long as someone wrote it down at one point, you're fucked.
00:13:26.970 --> 00:13:28.797
Formosus was Pope for five years.
00:13:29.197 --> 00:13:29.298
Okay.
00:13:38.090 --> 00:13:41.417
So during this time, he formed an alliance with Lambert of Spoleto, which a italian nobleman, and he crowned him as king of italy.
00:13:41.417 --> 00:13:47.979
Oh wow, but he later saw him as a threat oh geez and shifted his allegiance to arnulf of carinthia, who is a frankish king.
00:13:47.979 --> 00:13:55.356
Okay, inviting him to invade italy, oh jesus, and challenge lambert's power it's like inviting someone to a party.
00:13:55.456 --> 00:13:57.000
I'd like to invite you to invade this.
00:13:57.260 --> 00:14:02.057
Yes, what the fuck yeah, there's somebody here I don't like, so I'm going to invite you to come to my house so you can get rid of them.
00:14:02.230 --> 00:14:05.615
Yeah, so if you could bring an army, yeah.
00:14:05.615 --> 00:14:09.863
Maybe some cakes, cake, cake I like cake.
00:14:09.863 --> 00:14:10.684
Cake is good.
00:14:11.190 --> 00:14:11.450
Lemon.
00:14:12.250 --> 00:14:13.152
I like lemon cake.
00:14:13.152 --> 00:14:14.894
Do you know what my favorite cake is?
00:14:16.034 --> 00:14:16.676
Lemon cake.
00:14:17.515 --> 00:14:20.458
No, my mom makes it for me every year on my birthday.
00:14:20.458 --> 00:14:26.284
Carrot cake, oh, carrot cake, so good, okay, cream cheese frosting.
00:14:26.885 --> 00:14:30.462
Stop, stop.
00:14:30.462 --> 00:14:32.634
I need my Skittle gummies.
00:14:32.634 --> 00:14:34.178
I just hit my microphone.
00:14:34.198 --> 00:14:35.765
Oh, don't do that, all right, anyways, okay gummies I just hit my microphone.
00:14:35.662 --> 00:14:37.058
Oh, don't do that, all right anyways.
00:14:37.058 --> 00:14:44.289
Okay, so the shift in allegiance angered lambert and led to increased tensions between the papacy and the spoleto dynasty.
00:14:44.289 --> 00:14:48.533
Sure, and then formosus died in 896.
00:14:48.533 --> 00:14:49.755
Do you know what he died of?
00:14:49.755 --> 00:15:03.855
Potentially a stroke, oh dear yes so thus came cadaver synod okay I've got my hands open as if I'm like jazz hands, I'm inviting you, okay?
00:15:05.379 --> 00:15:11.735
it's really strange okay, it sounds like it's strange so a synod is essentially a council or assembly.
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Um okay, of a christian denomination, gotcha okay.
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